Biological Immunoassay indicators and protein tests are used to detect what type of hazards?

• A. Etiological
• B. Physical
• C. Radiological
• D. Chemical

Answer: (A)

Biological immunoassay indicators and protein tests are used to detect biological hazards because they target the cause of illness—the organisms themselves or their toxic products. Immunoassays rely on antibody–antigen interactions to identify specific pathogens or their toxins by recognizing unique proteins (antigens) associated with those hazards. Protein tests measure particular proteins produced by biological agents, such as toxins or surface/secreted proteins, which pinpoint a biological threat. These tools are not for physical hazards, radiological hazards, or chemical hazards. So the hazard type detected is etiological—the biological cause of disease.